Google’s changes to its algorithms by year.

Each year for the last 5 years Google has done revisions to its algorithm to promote better user experience. I am sure you have heard people speak of these changes but what were they and what was the reason behind these changes?

2009:
Google’s “Vince” update saw big brands get a boost in SERPs
2010:
Google released “Caffeine” and revealed a new web indexing system
2011:
Google launched “Panda” and it started enforcing and regulating its guidelines when it came to “thin” content
2012:
Google launched “Venice” and saw “local” search results ranking for more general and broad queries without a geo targeted modifier.
Google launched “Penguin” ” and it started enforcing and regulating its guidelines when it came to low quality links. (Links not relevant, bad neighborhoods, etc.)
2013:
Google launched “hummingbird” which revealed a search engine that was more understanding of what users were searching for instead of just indexing results.